Rosalind Franklin

The Rosalind Franklin is a European Space Agency (ESA) Mars rover to be launched in 2028 or later. The name is in honor of an English scientist, an older name being the ExoMars Rover. The rover was originally a portion of the ExoMars program, a collaboration with Roscosmos which ceased in 2022, and as recently as early 2022, the rover was scheduled for a September 2022 launch, a June 2023 landing and seven months of operation on Mars. The rover-mission was delayed to develop a new means of taking it to Mars and current hopes are a NASA launch in Fall 2028, for a 2030 landing. Instruments:

• PanCam - Panoramic Camera.
• ISEM - Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars.
• WISDOM - Water Ice Subsurface Deposits Observation on Mars.
• Adron-RM - Autonomous Detector of Radiation of Neutrons Onboard Rover at Mars.
• CLUPI - Close-Up Imager.
• Ma_MISS - Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies.
• MicrOmega-IR - infrared "micro observatory", a microscope.
• RLS - Raman Laser Spectrometer.
• MOMA - Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer.

With the 6-year delay, this instrument-list might be revised. Some instruments previously listed or considered:

• Mars-XRD - Mars X-ray Diffractometer
• Urey - Mars organic and oxidant detector.
• MIMOS-II - Miniaturised Mössbauer Spectrometer.
• LMC - Life Marker Chip.
• MIMA - Mars Infrared Mapper.